MUST HAVE REFERENCES and be 300 words per question.

Week 3 Discussion 1

Referring to the unit readings and Tables 7.1 and 7.2, compare the generic characteristics of counseling with respect to culture, class, and language, with Native American characteristics in terms of culture, class, and language. Which characteristics most closely reflect your culture, class, and language?

Refer to Chapter 15 and at least one of the recommended readings and consider the types of mental health concerns you may be likely to encounter in counseling a Native American client, couple, family, or group (for example, the impact of educational disparities on career development). Address the following:

How would your approach reflect your understanding of your own characteristics and those of your client or clients?
How would the impact of historical and current oppression be important to your work?
Discuss the implications of the client’s characteristics and concerns on your counseling and advocacy strategies in terms of problem assessment, goal setting, and interventions that take into account individual, couple, family, and tribal considerations.
Note: This is a graded discussion question. Your instructor will grade your discussion using the Scoring Guide accessed in the Resources and your grade will appear in the courseroom gradebook. You are still responsible for posting two substantial peer responses to other learners’ discussions.

Counselor and Client Characteristics Scoring Guide Grading Checklist
Activity Weighting
Analyzes the influence of counselor characteristics, attitudes, and beliefs on culturally competent counseling practice. 20%
Develops multicultural counseling approaches and competencies that are sensitive to diverse client characteristics and experiences. 20%
Analyzes the implications of the client or clients’ characteristics and concerns on counseling and advocacy strategies in terms of problem assessment, goal setting, and interventions that take into account individual, couple, family, and group/community considerations. 20%
Analyzes the influence of internalized oppression and institutional racism on individuals and family systems. 20%
Exhibits proficiency in writing, critical thinking, and research; adheres to APA style and formatting. 20%
————————————————————————————————————————————–

Week 3 Discussion 2

Research current information about the demographics of your own state. List the main minority groups and (if applicable) specific cultural subgroups living in your state, as well as living within your own part of the state.

Select two of these groups and identify the steps you would take to become more knowledgeable about working with persons from these cultures. Include at least two articles or books specific to each culture in your references.

What are some of the questions you have or issues you might encounter while working as a counselor with persons from these groups?

Required

The materials listed below are required to complete the learning activities and projects in this course. Unless noted otherwise, the books, software, and coursepacks are available for purchase from the Capella University Virtual Bookstore. To purchase these texts, visit the bookstore and select your school and course ID.

Books

Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2013). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN: 9781118022023.

E-books

The following required readings are linked to electronic books in the Capella University Library. If you need assistance, please refer to the How Do I Find Books?library guide.

Pedersen, P. B., Crethar, H. C., & Carlson, J. (2008). Conclusion: Developing multicultural awareness, knowledge, and skill. In P. B. Pedersen, H. C. Crethar, & J. Carlson (Eds.), Inclusive cultural empathy: Making relationships central in counseling and psychotherapy (1st ed., pp. 223–241). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Sue, D. W., & Torino, G. C. (2004). Racial-cultural competence: Awareness, knowledge, and skills. In R. T. Carter (Ed.), Handbook of racial-cultural psychology and counseling, volume 2: Training and practice (pp. 3–18). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Articles

Library

The following required readings are provided for you in the Capella University Library or linked directly in this course. To find library resources, use the Journal and Book Locator tool found on the library home page.

Alessandria, K. P. (2002). Acknowledging white ethnic groups in multicultural counseling. The Family Journal, 10(1), 57–60.

Arredondo, P. (1999). Multicultural counseling competencies as tools to address oppression and racism. Journal of Counseling and Development, 77(1), 102–107.

Assouline, S. G., Nicpon, M. F., & Huber, D. H. (2006). The impact of vulnerabilities and strengths on the academic experiences of twice-exceptional students: A message to school counselors. Professional School Counseling, 10(1), 14–24.

Barret, R., &Barzan, R. (1996). Spiritual experiences of gay men and lesbians. Counseling and Values, 41(1), 4–15.

Beckerman, N. L., & Corbett, L. (2008). Immigration and families: Treating acculturative stress from a systemic framework. Family Therapy, 35(2), 63–81.

Blustein, D. L., Kenna, A. C., Gill, N., &DeVoy, J. E. (2008). The psychology of working: A new framework for counseling practice and public policy. The Career Development Quarterly, 56(4), 294–308.

Carroll, L., Gilroy, P. J., & Ryan, J. (2002). Counseling transgendered, transsexual, and gender-variant clients. Journal of Counseling and Development, 80(2), 131–139.

Chen-Hayes, S. F. (2001). Social justice advocacy readiness questionnaire.Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 13(1/2), 191–203.

Hawley, D. R. (2000). Clinical implications of family resilience. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 28(2), 101–116.

Hermann, M. A., & Richter Herlihy, B. (2006). Legal and ethical implications of refusing to counsel homosexual clients. Journal of Counseling & Development, 84(4), 414–418.

Kashubeck-West, S., Meyer, S., & Szymanski, D. M. (2008). Internalized heterosexism: A historical and theoretical overview. The Counseling Psychologist, 36(4), 615–630.

Lopez-Baez, S. I., &Paylo, M. J. (2009). Social justice advocacy: Community collaboration and systems advocacy. Journal of Counseling and Development, 87(3), 276–283.

McCall-Perez, Z. (2000). The counselor as advocate for English language learners: An action research approach. Professional School Counseling, 4(1), 13–22.

Monahan, M. J. (2014). The concept of privilege: A critical appraisal. South African Journal of Philosophy, 33(1), 73–83.

Pedersen, P. B. (1991). Multiculturalism as a generic approach to counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70(1), 6–12.

Sacks, I., &Peled, E. (2008). The self-perception of women who live with an alcoholic partner: Dialoging with deviance, strength, and self-fulfillment. Family Relations, 57(3), 390–403.

Schroeder, S. (2005). An agenda to combat substance abuse. Health Affairs, 24(4), 1005–1013.

Singh, R. (2004). Exploring culture in practice: A few facets of a training course. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 15(1/2), 87–104.

Spence, N. J., Adkins, D. E., &Dupre, M. E. (2011). Racial differences in depression trajectories among older women: Socioeconomic, family and health influences. Journal of Health and Behavior, 52(4), 444–459.

Volker, T., & Ray, K. E. (2006). Counseling exceptional individuals and their families: A systems perspective. Professional School Counseling, 10(1), 58–65.

Yakushko, O., Backhaus, A., Watson, M., Ngaruiya, K., & Gonzalez, J. (2008). Career development concerns of recent immigrants and refugees. Journal of Career Development, 34(4), 362–396.

Reserved Readings

The following reserved readings are provided for your use in this course.

Laszloffy, T. A. (2008). Therapy with mixed-race families. In M. McGoldrick& K. V. Hardy (Eds.), Re-visioning family therapy: Race, culture, and gender in clinical practice (2nd ed., pp. 275–285). New York, NY: Guilford.

Internet Resources

Please note that URLs change frequently. While the URLs were current when this course was designed, some may no longer be valid. If you cannot access a specific link, contact your instructor for an alternative URL. Permissions for the following links have been either granted or deemed appropriate for educational use at the time of course publication.

Adkison-Bradley, C., Johnson, P. D., Rawls, G., & Plunkett, D. (2006). Overrepresentation of African American males in special education programs: Implications and advocacy strategies for school counselors. Journal of School Counseling, 4(16). Retrieved from http://jsc.montana.edu/articles/v4n16.pdf

American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.aamft.org

American Counseling Association. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.counseling.org/

American Counseling Association. (2011). Advocacy competencies. Retrieved from http://www.counseling.org/Resources/Competencies/Advocacy_Competencies.pdf

American Counseling Association. (2011). Ethics & professional standards. Retrieved from http://www.counseling.org/knowledge-center/ethics

American Mental Health Counselors Association. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.amhca.org/

American School Counselor Association. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.schoolcounselor.org/

Association for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, & Transgender Issues in Counseling. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.algbtic.org/

Center for Applied Linguistics: Cultural Orientation Resource Center. (2004). Muslim refugees in the United States, chapter 3: Challenges in resettlement and adaptation of Muslim refugees. Retrieved from www.culturalorientation.net/content/download/1360/7921/version/2/file/Muslim+Refugees.pdf

Gay Affirmative Therapy. (2012). Ten common mistakes straight clinicians make when working with gay and lesbian clients. Retrieved from http://gayaffirmativetherapy.com/ten-common-mistakes-straight-clinicians-make-when-working-with-gays-and-lesbians/

GLSEN: Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.glsen.org/

Huffington Post. (2011). Jamie Hubley, Gay 15-year-old Ottawa, Canada teen commits suicide, cites depression, school troubles. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/17/jamie-hubley-commits-suicide_n_1015646.html

Matthew Shepherd Foundation. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.matthewshepherd.org/

NAADAC: The Association for Addiction Professionals. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.naadac.org/

National Career Development Association. (2011). Retrieved from http://associationdatabase.com/aws/NCDA/pt/sp/Home_Page

Parents, Families, & Friends of Lesbians and Gays. (2011). Retrieved from www.pflag.org/

Payne, R. K. (2003). Understanding and working with students and adults from poverty. Retrieved from http://www.ahaprocess.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Understanding-Poverty-Ruby-Payne-Poverty-Series-I-IV.pdf

PBS. (1997). Out of the past. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/outofthepast/

Project Implicit. (2011). Retrieved from https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/

The National Association of Lesbian and Gay Bisexual and Transgender Addiction Professionals and Their Allies. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.nalgap.org/

Optional

The following optional materials are offered to provide you with a better understanding of the topics in this course. These materials are not required to complete the course.

Optional Books

Use the Journal and Book Locator tool to see if the library has access to the book or the How Do I Find Books?library guide for additional options.

Addison, S. M., & Thomas, V. (2010). Searching for mutuality: A feminist/multicultural approach to couple therapy. In A. S. Gurman (Ed.), Clinical casebook of couple therapy. New York, NY: Guilford.

Almeida, R. V., Dolan Del-Vecchio, K., & Parker, L. (2008). Transformative family therapy: Just families in a just society. Boston, MA: Pearson.

Bradley, J. M., & Palmer, G. (2003). Attachment in later life: Implications for intervention with older adults. In S. M. Johnson & V. E. Whiffen (Eds.), Attachment processes in couple and family therapy (pp. 281–299). New York, NY: Guilford.

Carbado, D. (2004). Straight out of the closet: Men, feminism, and male heterosexual privilege. In L. Heldke& P. O’Connor (Eds.), Oppression, privilege, and resistance: Theoretical perspectives on racism, sexism, and heterosexism. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill.

Falicov, C. J. (1998). The cultural meaning of family triangles. In M. McGoldrick (Ed.), Re-visioning family therapy: Race, culture, and gender in clinical practice (1st ed., pp. 37–49). New York, NY: Guilford.

Ivey, A. E., & Brooks-Harris, J. E. (2005). Integrative psychotherapy with culturally diverse clients. In J. C. Norcross & M. R. Goldfried (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy integration (2nd ed.). Cary, NC: Oxford University Press.

Knudson-Martin, C. (2009). An unequal burden: Gendered power in diabetes care. In C. Knudson-Martin & A. R. Mahoney (Eds.), Couples, gender, and power: Creating change in intimate relationships (pp. 105–123). New York, NY: Springer.

McGoldrick, M., & Hardy, K. V. (Eds.). (2008). Re-visioning family therapy: Race, culture, and gender in clinical practice (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford.

Naaman, S., Radwan, K., & Johnson, S. M. (2011). Emotionally focused couple therapy in chronic medical illness: Working with the aftermath of breast cancer. In J. L. Furrow, S. M. Johnson, & B. A. Bradley (Eds.), The emotionally focused casebook: New directions in treating couples (pp. 141–164). New York, NY: Routledge.

Rastogi, M., & Thomas, V. (Eds.). (2009). Multicultural couple therapy. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE.

Rothblum, E., &Solovay, S. (Eds.). (2009). The fat studies reader. New York, NY: New York University Press.

Optional Articles

Use Journal and Book Locator to see if the library has access to the full text of an article. If the full text is not available, try using Interlibrary Loan to obtain a copy.

Library

Arminio, J. (2001). Exploring the nature of race-related guilt. Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development, 29(4), 239–252.

Boone, L. R., Mayberry, R. M., Betancourt, J. R., Coggins, P. C., & Yancey, E. M. (2006). Cultural competence in the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. American Journal of Health Studies, 21(3/4), 199–208.

Bowers, R., Minichiello, V., & Plummer, D. (2010). Religious attitudes, homophobia, and professional counseling. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling 4(2), 70–91.

Briggs, W. P., Magnus, V. A., Lassiter, P., Patterson, A., & Smith, L. (2011). Substance use, misuse, and abuse among older adults: Implications for clinical mental health counselors. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 33(2), 112–127.

Brucker, D. L. (2009). Social construction of disability and substance abuse within public disability benefit systems. International Journal of Drug Policy, 20(5), 418–423.

Burnam, M. A., & Watkins, K. E. (2006). Substance abuse with mental disorders: Specialized public systems and integrated care. Health Affairs, 25(3), 648–658.

Choi, Y., Harachi, T. W., Gillmore, M. R., & Catalano, R. F. (2006). Are multiracial adolescents at greater risk? Comparisons of rates, patterns, and correlates of substance use and violence between monoracial and multiracial adolescents. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(1), 86–97.

Dana, H. R. (2000). The cultural self as locus for assessment and intervention with American Indian/Alaska Natives. Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development, 28(2), 66–82.

Duchar, K., Abraham, A. J., & Roman, P. M. (2010). Counselor attitudes toward the use of motivational incentives in addiction treatment. The American Journal on Addictions, 19(6), 496–503.

Echo-Hawk, H. (2011). Indigenous communities and evidence building. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 43(4), 269–275.

Fisher, L., Gushue, G., &Cerrone, M. (2011). The influences of career support and sexual identity on sexual minority women’s career aspirations. The Career Development Quarterly, 59(5), 441–454.

Fontes, L. (2002). Child discipline and physical abuse in immigrant Latino families: Reducing violence and misunderstandings. Journal of Counseling & Development, 80(1), 31–40.

Garrett, M. T., Garrett, J. T., Torres-Rivera, E., & Roberts-Wilbur, J. (2005). Laughing it up: Native American humor as spiritual tradition. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 33(4), 194–204.

Ghazal Read, J. (2004). Family, religion and work among Arab American women. Journal of Marriage & Family, 66(4), 1042–1050.

Gone, J. P., & Calf Looking, P. E. (2011). American Indian culture as substance abuse treatment: Pursuing evidence for a local intervention. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 43(4), 291–296.

Goodrich, K. M., & Luke, M. (2009). LGBTQ responsive school counseling. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 3(2), 113–127.

Ivey, A. E. (1987). The multicultural practice of therapy: Ethics, empathy, and dialectics. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 5(2), 195–204.

Jacobs, R. J., & Kane, M. N. (2010). HIV-related stigma in midlife and older women. Social Work in Health Care, 49(1), 68–89.

Kleinig, J. (2008). The ethics of harm reduction. Substance Use & Misuse, 43(1), 1–16.

Knopf, A. (2010). Sexual health groups help patients avoid relapses. Behavioral Healthcare, 30(10), 12–13.

Lane, D. C., & Simmons, J. (2011). American Indian youth substance abuse: Community-driven interventions. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 78(3), 362–372.

Larios, S. E., Wright, S., Jernstrom, A., Lebron, D., & Sorensen, J. L. (2011). Evidence-based practices, attitudes, and beliefs in substance abuse treatment programs serving American Indians and Alaska Natives: A qualitative study. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 43(4), 355–359.

Lassiter, P. S., & Chang, C. Y. (2006). Perceived multicultural competency of certified substance abuse counselors. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling, 26(2), 73–83.

Leach, M. M., Behrens, T. J., &LeFleur, N. K. (2002). White racial identity and white racial consciousness: Similarities, differences, and recommendations. Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development, 30(2), 66–80.

Lebolt, J. (1999). Gay affirmative psychotherapy: A phenomenological study. Clinical Social Work Journal, 27(4), 355–370.

Lev, A. I. (2009). The ten tasks of the mental health provider: Recommendation for the revision of the World Professional Association for Transgender Health’s Standards of Care. International Journal of Transgenderism, 11(2), 74–99.

Luoma, J. B., Twohig, M. P., Waltz, T., Hayes, S. C., Roget, N., Padilla, M., & Fisher, G. (2007). An investigation of stigma in individuals receiving treatment for substance abuse. Addictive Behaviors, 32(7), 1331–1346.

McGeorge, C., & Stone Carlson, T. (2011). Deconstructing heterosexism: Becoming an LGB affirmative heterosexual couple and family therapist. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 37(1), 14–26.

Miville, M. L., Carlozzi, A. F., Gushue, G. V., Schara, S. L., & Ueda, M. (2006). Mental health counselor qualities for a diverse clientele: Linking empathy, universal-diverse orientation, and emotional intelligence. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 28(2), 151–165.

Moghaddam, J. F., &Momper, S. L. (2011). Integrating spiritual and Western treatment modalities in a Native American substance user center: Provider perspectives. Substance Use & Misuse, 46(11), 1431–1437.

Nadal, K. L., Wong, Y., Issa, M., Meterko, V., Leon, J., &Wilderman, M. (2011). Sexual orientation microaggressions: Processes and coping mechanisms for lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling 5(1), 21–46.

Ndiaye, K., Hecht, M. L., Wagstaff, D. A., &Elek, E. (2009). Mexican-heritage preadolescents’ ethnic identification and perceptions of substance use. Substance Use, 44(8), 1160–1182.

Neblett, E. W., Terzian, M., &Herriott, V. (2010). From racial discrimination to substance use: The buffering effects of racial socialization. Child Development Perspectives, 4(2), 131–137.

Patrick, M. E., Schulenberg, J. E., O’Malley, P. M., Maggs, J. L., Kloska, D. D., Johnston, L. D., & Bachman, J. G. (2011). Age-related changes in reasons for using alcohol and marijuana from ages 18 to 30 in a national sample. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25(2), 330–339.

Real, T. (1995). Fathering our sons, refathering ourselves: Some thoughts on transforming masculine legacies. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 7(1/2), 27–43.

Richard, A. J., Trevino, R. A., Baker, M., & Valdez, J. (2010). Negative reflected appraisal, negative self-perception, and drug use intentions in a sample of suburban high school students. Journal of Child Adolescent Substance Abuse, 19(3), 193–209.

Sakai, J. T., Wang, C., & Price, R. K. (2010). Substance use and dependence among native Hawaiians, other Pacific Islanders, and Asian ethnic groups in the United States: Contrasting multiple-race and single-race prevalence rates from a national survey. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 9(3), 173–185.

Sangganjanavanich, V. F., & Cavazos, Jr., J. (2010). Workplace aggression: Toward social justice and advocacy in counseling for transgender individuals. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 4(3/4), 187–201.

Sato Vosburg, E. (2004). Toward triadic communication: A crisis in Japanese family relationships. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 15(1/2), 105–117.

Senreich, E. (2010). Are specialized LGBT program components helpful for gay and bisexual men in substance abuse treatment? Substance Use & Misuse, 45(7/8), 1077–1096.

Smart, J. F., & Smart, D. W. (2006). Models of disability: Implications for the counseling profession. Journal of Counseling & Development, 84(1), 29–40.

Stone, C. B. (2000). Advocacy for sexual harassment victims: Legal support and ethical aspects. Professional School Counseling, 4(1), 23–30.

Sue, D., Rivera, D., Capodilupo, C., Lin, A., & Torino, G. (2010). Racial dialogues and white trainee fears: Implications for education and training. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16(2), 206–214.

Talley, A. E., Tomko, R. L., Littlefield, A. K., Trull, T. J., & Sher, K. J. (2011). The influence of general identity disturbance on reports of lifetime substance use disorders and related outcomes among sexual minority adults with a history of substance use. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25(3), 530–541.

Utsey, O. S., Ponterotto, J. G., Reynolds, A. L., &Cancelli, A. A. (2000). Racial discrimination, coping, life satisfaction, and self-esteem among African Americans. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78(1), 72–80.

Wright, R., Houston, S., Ellis, M., Holloway, S., & Hudson, M. (2003). Crossing racial lines: Geographies of mixed-race partnering and multiraciality in the United States. Progress in Human Geography, 27(4), 457–474.

Wu, L. T., Woody, G. E., Yang, C. M., Pan, J. J., & Blazer, D. G. (2011). Racial/ethnic variations in substance-related disorders among adolescents in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1176–1185.

Optional Internet Resources

McIntosh, P. (1989, July/August). White privilege: Unpacking the invisible knapsack. Retrieved from http://amptoons.com/blog/files/mcintosh.html

Mulvaney, B. M. (1994). Gender differences in communication: An intercultural experience. Retrieved from http://feminism.eserver.org/gender/cyberspace/gender-differences.txt/document_view

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. (2001). Provider’s introduction to substance abuse treatment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals. Retrieved from http://store.samhsa.gov/shin/content//SMA12-4104/SMA12-4104.pdf

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. (2005). Children’s program kit: Supportive education for children of addicted parents. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED478694.pdf

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. (2005). Substance abuse relapse prevention for older adults: A group treatment approach. Retrieved from http://store.samhsa.gov/shin/content//SMA05-4053/SMA05-4053.pdf

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