what are some advantages and disadvantages to doing survey research? Read the article assigned this titled week “Police Culture, Individualism, and Community Policing”, was the use of a survey helpful for this research? What are the findings?,

2.  What are the advantages and disadvantages to collecting data through participant or systematic social observation?

Your initial post should be at least 750 words.

QUESTION 1

Survey research is a data collection technique that is concerned with collecting data about the occurrence or incidence of events or instances in varying situations and circumstances. It involves asking a series of formal questions from a selected population, writing down responses and analyzing the responses. It can be on the whole or part of the population.

Various advantages of survey research include:

1. Surveys are an excellent way of gathering a lot of information from different kinds of people.
2. It is cost effective to collect data using survey research tools such as questionnaires compared to conducting personal interviews. For instance, it is cheaper to mail questionnaires rather than going house to house asking personal questions.

• Survey research is reliable because surveys are standardized, that is, the same questions are phrased exactly the same way and asked to different respondents.

1. Survey research is also versatile in that it can be used by different people in different situations including different professions.
2. Survey research is also highly representative and provide a high level capability to represent a large population. It yields data that is near to the exact population attributes since it can be applied to a vast of the population under study.
3. It provides convenience in the gathering of data since surveys can be administered through a variety of means such as sending questionnairesthrough emails, fax or even the internet.

• Survey research is associated with little no bias on the part of the researcher due to the standardization of questions thus making surveys ideal for scientific research.
• Survey research ensures precision in the data collected since the questions asked in the survey are carefully scrutinized and standardized and thus there is uniformity in definitions to all the subjects who are to answer the questions.

Despite the advantages associated with survey research, it suffers from various drawbacks including:

1. Survey research suffers from inflexibility because it is impossible to change the survey used at the beginning of the research as well as the methodology at any point in the process
2. Survey research is not ideal for controversial issues because there is a high probability that respondents may experience difficulties while recalling answers relating to these issues.

• Sometimes the questions administered may be deemed as inappropriate by some portion of the population. This is attributed to the fact that due to standardization, the questions are made general but the general questions may be viewed as inappropriate by some people.

1. The data collected by survey research may fail in validity because it is difficult for the researcher to ask questions that depart from the general questions.
2. If the survey is too long, the respondents may get fatigued,bored and irritated which can lead to high rates of unresponsiveness.

In the research titled “Police Culture, individualism, and Community Policing”, survey research was applied to carry out a research on two police agencies; the Indianapolis Police Department(IPD) and the St. Petersburg Police Department(SPPD) to determine the association between officers’ outlook and the officers’ characteristics. Survey research proved helpful in the collection of data because of the high response rate that was facilitated by the fact that participation was made voluntary and confidentiality of the information collected was promised. The data collected also facilitated for statistical analysis such as regression analysis.

The findings from the study were that officers preferred aggressive patrol and selective enforcement, a majority of the officers are not distrustful of the citizens, an officer’s sex has a little association to their outlook, there is a high association between an officer’ education and his outlook and an officer’s experience record has an effect on his outlook.

QUESTION 2

Participant or systematic social observation is a qualitative data collection technique that aims at gaining a close and intimate familiarity with a study population together with their processes through an intensive with the people over a period of time.

The advantages of participant observation include:

1. It can provide a well-rounded and well-founded picture of the study community because it avoids seasonal bias that is inherent in many research methods which may be based on visitors’ labels given by the community.
2. It is useful in collecting information from groups of people or communities with whom contact is difficult to achieve during a short formal visit.

The disadvantages of participant or systematic social observation method include:

1. It is slow and very intensive because it requires the researcher to spend a lot of time with the community under study.
2. One may be required to study the language of the study community before undertaking the study.

• It is only as good as the researcher, that is, the findings may reflect the researcher’s social context as well as their preoccupations which makes the research to be of little use to people outside the researcher’s scholarly field.

1. It is also difficult to cross-check the findings of the observers because it is impossible to reproduce identical conditions under which the research was happening.

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