Please respond to each of the 3 classmates “separately” using at least 250 words per response. Answers must be in APA format and include at least one citation for each question response. ***Respond to the classmates only…not the original question.***

Original Question for Classmate one and two:

Rolls presents a model of visual consciousness. Mandik presents his view on the neurophilosophy of consciousness. In your opinion, is Rolls’s model a trivial or substantive view of consciousness?

Classmate 1: The examination involving the cogency of theories concerning consciousness has been argued for many years. It is commonly acknowledged that action rarely occurs with conscious intercession. Edmund Rolls’ view of consciousness holds that recollection, feelings, philology, and perceptual mechanisms about an object correlate largely with the brain’s neural activity, allowing for higher order syntactic thought and information processing (Rolls, 2007). Rolls’ believes that neurons hold information that directly impacts visual object perception, having more to do with neuronal functioning and less to do with stimulus-dependent synchrony (Rolls, 2007). One of the interesting aspects about Rolls’ philosophy of consciousness, is his focus on qualia – sensory processing and planning; implying that structural cognizance is a predetermined reflective course of all action. In my view, Rolls’ offers profound insight about the neural operation in the development and functions of consciousness. Rolls’ input to this area of study is not trivial, but provides substantive notions regarding the initial vestibule of information sustained by the visual perceiver in their role as a conscious agent.

Reference:

Rolls, E. T. (2007). A computational neuroscience approach to consciousness. Neural Networks, 20(9), 962-982. Retrieved from https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi…

Thank you,

Brianna

Classmate 2: Due to the lack of awareness in this general area, it is difficult to objectively render any opinion. The information provided by both articles is to say the least challenging information to decipher, though both writers present rather confidently their theoretical position. Rolls in his study utilize measuring neuron activity to identify “visual object perception” and seem to emphasize the point that “stimulus-dependent synchrony” was not a significant contributor in the area of visual perception (Rolls, 2007). I do not know the significance of the point concerning “stimulus-dependent synchrony” which could easily lead me to minimize Rolls’ point, however not knowing the intrigue parts of the processes of the inferior temporal visual cortex and in light to the detailed information provided by Rolls, his work is substantive. If the suggestions by Rolls are realized, it seems that the resource can be utilized to for predicting via neuron activity. This area of study for the most part is relatively young and certainly subjective and with that in mind, I find it difficult to label any of work as trivial.

Reference:

Rolls, E. T. (2007). A computational neuroscience approach to consciousness. Neural Networks, 20(9), 962-982.

Thank you,

James

Original question for classmate 3:

Neuroscience and linguistics have, at face value, little in common methodologically. Beginning with the Linguistics Department of Carnegie Mellon University, identify methodological commonalities between the two. How have these methodological commonalities advanced knowledge in the each of the two fields of study? Identify and support which has brought about the biggest advance in both fields.

Classmate 3: The linguistics program at Carnegie Mellon University uses a multi-disciplinary approach that includes learning from the English, Philosophy, Psychology, Computer and other departments (“10 Things to Love,” 2017). The methodological approach to study linguistics uses a variety of methods to conduct research such as computer models, comparisons of languages, monitoring language development, and studying brains when there has been a language disorder (Friedenberg & Silverman, 2012, p. 16). The field of neuroscience also draws from disciplines outside the neuroscience department, biology for example and includes various levels of study, from the cell, to its connections and outward to brain regions (Friedenberg & Silverman, 2012, p. 14).

In contrast, much of the research conducted in linguistics comes from studying the brains of people who have had language disabilities, or who have had brain damage, but it is after they have died (Friedenberg & Silverman, 2012, p. 287). Neuroscientists can study healthy brains while people are still living. The other difference is that neuroscientists can use animals to learn about the brain, whereas linguists can primarily investigate receptive language, not expressive language of animals.

Having a varied approach to conducting research has provided greater understanding. Kemmerer (2014) studied the findings from a cognitive neuro-scientific approach, studying the psychological aspect of body awareness and a linguistic approach, making comparisons of languages to learn of personal possessions. He listed the many avenues used by the cognitive researchers and by the linguistic researchers concluding that both disciplines were coming to similar findings.

While there have been advances in the field of linguistics, neuroscience is making gains at a faster rate primarily due to the many new ways that are available to study the brain and how it works (Friedenberg & Silverman, 2012, p. 14). The Laboratory of Neuro Imaging at UCLA is one example of modern resources in the field of neuroscience (“Laboratory of Neuro Imaging”, n.d.).

References:

Friedenberg, J.& Silverman, G. (2012). Cognitive Science: An Introduction to the Study of the Mind, 2^nd Edition. Retrieved from http://gcumedia.com/digital-resources/sage/2011/co…

Kemmerer, D. (2014). Body ownership and beyond: Connections between cognitive neuroscience and linguistic typology. Consciousness And Cognition, 26,189-196. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/sc…

10 Things To Love About CMU’s Dietrich College. (2017, January 31). Retrieved from http://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/news/news-stories/2017…

Laboratory of Neuro Imaging. (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.loni.usc.edu/

Thank you,

Cheryl

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