1.

• In the text Klockars gives two different examples of lies told by police. The first is placebos these lies are “in the best interest of those being lied to” (Pollock, 2019). A placebo lie could be something like a driver crashed into an individual because he missed a stop sign. The driver seems extremely distraught after they get loaded into the ambulance and can barely talk to explain what happened. A police officer might say that the medics told him that the guy was doing fine and seemed like he would make it, when in fact they never said that. These lies are meant to calm or reassure someone. The second type is blue lies. The blue lies are “used to control the person or to make the job easier in situations where force could be used” (Pollock, 2019). They make the job of the police officer easier sometimes. An example of a blue lie would be a when a call is made to the station about a domestic dispute from the neighbor. The officer shows up and tells the people “you know why I’m here, so why don’t you both tell me your sides”. He doesn’t really know why he is there other than someone called and said they were being loud, but the people are paranoid and spill their side so that they can feel heard. I think the core value of integrity applies to this question. I say that because to lie and be dishonest is against the core value, but if it is for the greater good I think it is okay. The officers must have integrity to not abuse the power and lie all the time to benefit themselves, I think they should only do it to benefit the greater good.

2.

• Entrapment is defined “as a situation when an otherwise innocent person commits an illegal act because of police encouragement, enticement or was possibly even coerced”.An objective approach is if law enforcement officials provided an “essential element” that made the specific crime possible, or if there was extensive coercive and constant pressure on the defendant to be encouraged to participate in the action. A court may rule that entrapment had occurred.An example may be if an undercover officer (U/C) or confidential informant (C.I.) working under the direction of law enforcement targets an alleged drug dealer to solicit a drug deal. The suspects refuses to sale to neither the U/C or C.I. Law enforcement continues to pressure or encourage the suspect to sale by even offering him or her two or even three times the street value of the narcotics to facilitate the sale and execute the arrest. This may be construed as entrapment. For this discussion I will find fitting Integrity and Community as is define in our Saint Leo University core values. Has “Integrity is the commitment to excellence demands that its members live its mission and deliver on its promise. And Community is
  we foster a spirit of belonging, unity, and interdependence based on mutual trust and respect to create socially responsible environments that challenge all of us to listen, to learn, to change, and to serve”. I believe this is applicable to law enforcement officials since they should be setting an example for others to follow specifically when it comes to following the law and not violate citizens’ rights in the community they serve. They should constantly display Integrity and Community based on mutual trust and respect to create socially responsible environment. Not to harbor an act that may be violating the defendants’ rights like entrapment.

3.

• For this discussion this week I chose Internet activity from chapter 7 question two. This question is about geoprofiling. Geographic profiling is a investigative support technique used for seriously violent crime investigations. In order to complete the process locations are analyzed and then connected to series of crimes to try and determine the most probable area in where the suspect might live. When it comes to geographic profiling the information should be regarded and used as a management system that is designed to help focus and investigation, prioritize information and tips given about a suspect, and help suggest new strategies to complement traditional ways. Stranger violent crimes and sexual crimes are usually the most difficult to solve and using geographic profiling is very important in helping narrow down where the possible offender might live. Geographic profiling tends to focus on a a few different things and here are some: geography of crime, offender hunting behavior, case examples, investigative strategies. It is also important to understand that geoprofiling does not solve crimes; but what it does it help mange a large amount of information that is gathered during a typical investigation. It really helps focus on the important information and organize things to help better and faster solve a crime, it a very helpful tool.

4.

• The Texas State University Center for Geospatial Intelligence and Investigation (GII) studies how to get better at reacting to the crimes occurring in the community and threats to homeland security. One of the elements they use on their research is geographic profiling, or geoprofiling. Geoprofiling is an investigative technique used in extreme serial crime investigations such as homicides, sexual assaults, and other violent crimes. It is a system that is designed to transmit information to help with an investigation of a case by recommending new strategies, prioritizing the clues and suspects in an investigation, and by having access to accurate information. This technique also allows for analyzing or accessing locations in which various crimes were committed to indicate an area where an offender may live. Since sexual and other violent crimes are extremely hard to solve, law enforcement needs effective and accurate information to rely on in order utilize it efficiently and to prioritize the case and evidence behind it. Geographic profiling also focuses on the geography of a crime, the offender’s behavior and game plan, connection of psychological profiling to linkage analysis, etc. Geographic profiling is a crime-fighting tool that helps to solve extreme, violent cases.

5.

• Discuss when a defendants case can move the court to dismiss an action. Give at least one example. Then explain fully why this can be done in relation to your example, explain the steps, etc.The case can be dismissed if there is lack of evidence and no legal basis to claim. An example is an assault happened and there is a lack of evidence that the victim has been assaulted but he/she claims that they were but there is no proof. If this charge goes to trial and there is no evidence or signs of bruises are found, the person that is accused of committing this crime may have a chance of not getting penalized. First there will be a pre-trial hearing where the courts get both parties together to discuss what happened, then there will be a trial which is also known as a jury trial with juries deciding questions of fact to see who was right or wrong in the case. Last but not least there will be a post-trial where the juries has made their decision and now it is time to discuss with the Judge. When going through with any trial it is very important to make sure you have legitimately proof and evidence to support your case because on one would like to be wrongfully convicted and get blame for a crime they did not do. One other thing that is why every one must get read their rights before even going to jail or anything because you are innocent until proven guilty.2. What are the steps in civil litigation?The civil litigation are mainly broken down into three phases such as pre-trial, trial, and post-trial mainly take place in district court.Step 1- Complaint. plaintiff/ defendant, describes suit.Step 2- Summons. sent by court to defendant.Step 3- Discovery. find evidence in the case by both the defendant and the plaintiff.Step 4- Settlement. either side has a chance to settle the issue before going to court, or use an arbitrator.Step 5- Trial.Step 6- Appeal.

6.

• 1. Discuss when a defendant’s case can move the court to dismiss an action. Give at least one example. Then explain fully why this can be done in relation to your example, explain the steps, etc.Any case where a defendant has evidence against him that has a possibility to be false evidence can be dismissed with nothing to the defendant. It is like the movies sometimes where crazy things can happen and they get the wrong person with evidence and they may have to dismiss a case for something that they missed. An example of a case where this can happen would be something where the defendant is fighting a ticket he got for leaving his car at a parking spot for more than thirty minutes in a limited parking spot. A defendant can get out of this if they have proof of not being there for over thirty minutes and the police officer may have gotten it wrong in his evidence. Perhaps the officer was going through the video tapes for a F-150 that was parked there for over 2 hours and found the vehicle that the defendant was driving but he missed something. There happened to be three F-150’s that came to that shop that day and he had the wrong one in the tape from a different time in the day and got the wrong guy for parking there longer than he was supposed to. Anything can happen, things may be more rare than other, but everything can happen at random.
  2. What are the steps in civil litigation?Civil litigation usually takes place in a district court many times over others. Every litigation follows a set of steps almost every time in an order of pleadings, motions, scheduling conference and order, discovery, pretrial conference and order, trial, and appeal. These steps can be pushed around, skipped, or even stretched out for a second round but, they are not all necessary as to the judge’s calling. A case that is small or unneeded of a long court will not have a long court if the judge calls for it, meaning that sometimes all the steps maybe not be there depending on the reasoning of the case and the information that is previously submitted to the court. Civil litigation has a very interesting but short process it followed quickly and smoothly.

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