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QUESTION 1

The following table was derived from the 2008 standard Eurobarometer survey.

The dependent variable is the ten-point ideological scale, going left to right. The independent variables are age and, as a dummy variable, whether or not one’s country was formerly a Soviet-bloc nation. Interpret the slopes, r-square, and the t-test values. Also specify the regression equation. Was there a positive linear relationship between age and ideology, and how was that relationship influenced by country status? Which of the independent variables better explains differences in ideology?

R	R-Square	Adjusted R-Square	Standard Error of the Estimate
0.134	0.018	0.014	2.170

	Unstandardized Coefficients		Standardized Coefficients
	b	Standard Error	B	t	Sig. (p value)
Constant	4.077	0.060		67.467	0.000
Age	0.006	0.001	0.054	7.951	0.000
Former Soviet	0.646	0.035	0.125	18.412	0.000

QUESTION 2

The following table was derived from the 2012 Cooperative Congressional Election Study. The dependent variable is the 100-point survey question that asks:

“If a state had a budget deficit, what percent should come from tax increases and spending cuts?”

0 = All tax increases

50 = Equal

100 = All cuts

The first independent variable is family income (while ordinal, the breadth of the variable allows us to treat it as an interval variable). The second is gender (dichotomous, 0=male 1=female). Only one state (Indiana) is chosen for this analysis. Interpret the slopes (both standardized and unstandardized), R-square, and the t-test values. Also specify (write out) the equation. Was there a positive linear relationship between family income and deficit reduction preference toward cuts, and how was it mediated by gender? Which of the independent variables better explains differences in reduction preference?

R	R-Square	Adjusted R-Square	Standard Error of the Estimate
0.107	0.011	0.009	25.885

	Unstandardized Coefficients		Standardized Coefficients
	b	Standard Error	B	t	Sig. (p-value)
Constant	65.333	3.790		17.240	0.000
Family Income	0.349	0.356	0.038	0.982	0.326
Gender	-5.146	1.991	-0.099	-2.585	0.010

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