Subject: General Questions    / General General Questions
Lab Exercise: Light, Stars, and the Solar System Lab (30 points)
Please follow the instructions to construct a refractometer and answer the corresponding
questions.
The instructions below describe how to build a spectrometer. Here is a link if you wish to view
the site where the instructions are from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=sVWWDevUtIs http://sci-toys.com/scitoys/scitoys/light/cd_spectroscope/spectroscope.html
Part 1. How to Make a Spectroscope
What you will need:
1.
2.
3. A CD or DVD that can be sacrificed to this project. Old software CDROMs work
great.
A cereal box. Any size that can hold a CD or DVD disk will do.
A sharp knife or razor blade to cut into the cereal box. Our spectroscope has three main parts. There is a slit made from a razor blade to make a path
for the light, a diffraction grating made from a CD disk, and a viewing port.
To construct your spectroscope, you need to put a slice in one side of the box at roughly a 30degree angle. This will hold the CD. Place the CD in the slot to determine where to place the
other two cuts. On the top of the box, cut a hole about half an inch to an inch square above the
CD. On the side opposite the CD, make a very narrow slit opposite the CD. Alternatively, you
can cut a larger slit and cover it with 2 pieces of foil to control the size of the slit. Spectroscope
complete.
Once you have assembled your spectroscope with the instructions in the lecture and above,
use it to examine the spectra of three different light sources. Make sure that at least one of
them is the sun or moon, but the others can be incandescent lights, compact fluorescent bulbs,
LED lights, halogen or xenon bulbs, televisions, computer screens, candles, fireplaces, for
example. Aim the slit towards the light source you are investigating, then look through the
viewing hole to see the spectrum on the disk.
Answer the following questions:
1.
2.
3. Describe the differences in appearance among the three spectra, including
colors, if they are blended together or separated, and fuzzy or distinct.
What feature of the light source do the spectra represent? In other words, what
is it that you are actually analyzing?
Why do you think spectrometers are so valuable for studying celestial objects? Part 2. Estimating the Number of Visible Stars in the Night Sky
For this, you will need an empty toilet roll and a clear, dark night. Before you start, jot down
the number of stars that you think you can see in the night sky.
Aim your toilet roll at a part of the sky well above the horizon to avoid any haze pollution. Hold
your roll steady and allow your eyes to get used to the light for a few seconds.
Count the number of stars that you can see within through the roll. Do this four more times in
other parts of the sky, and average the five counts.
The viewing diameter of a toilet roll is about 1/135th of the entire sky, at least for a relatively
flat area. Mountains, buildings, or large trees will obscure some of the sky. To determine the
number of visible stars, multiply your average by 135.
Answer the following questions: 4. What is the average number of stars you observed through the toilet paper
roll?
5. How similar is this number to your original estimation?
6. What percentage of our galaxy do you think we can see with the naked eye
from Earth?
Part 3. Solar System
Review Chapter 15 on Atmospheres of the Planets.
Answer the following questions:
7.
8. Why do you think that the inner planets are relatively close together, but the
outer planets are spaced so widely apart?
Why do you think that the gaseous planets are gaseous, but the inner planets
are not? Your paper should meet the following requirements: 3-4 pages in length
1-2 outside sources
Formatted according to the CSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA
Requirements. It is strongly recommended that you submit all assignments to the TurnItIn Originality Check
prior to submitting the assignment to your instructor for grading. If you are uncertain how to
submit an assignment to TurnItIn, please review the TurnItIn Originality Check—Student Guide
for step-by-step instructions.

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