Responses should be a minimum of 250 words and include direct questions. You may challenge, support or supplement another student’s answer using the terms, concepts and theories from the required readings. Also, do not be afraid to respectfully disagree where you feel appropriate; as this should be part of your analysis process at this academic level.

Forum posts are graded on timeliness, relevance, knowledge of the weekly readings, and the quality of original ideas. Sources utilized to support answers are to be cited in accordance with the APA writing style by providing a general parenthetical citation (reference the author, year and page number) within your post, as well as an adjoining reference list. Refer to grading rubric for additional details concerning grading criteria.

Respond to Deida,

HSINT

Prior to 9/11, law enforcement agencies were the primary consumers of “domestic” intelligence while the intelligence community focused primarily on foreign intelligence (Randol, 2009). Intelligence analysis and collection has been the center of homeland security and defense since the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Furthermore, terrorist threats to the homeland are currently a national security priority and the foreign intelligence collected outside of the United States is now relevant to possible threats inside the homeland. Homeland security intelligence (HSINT) is not a new concept however, as mentioned above, HSINT increased significantly between the intelligence and law enforcement communities in the aftermath of 9/11 (Randol, 2009). Although not an intelligence discipline in itself, HSINT encompasses technical and non-technical means of intelligence collection and analysis.

CBRNE

HSINT plays a significant role when it comes to information sharing of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNE) threats to homeland security and critical to what constitutes CBRNE strategies and policies. HSINT provides information on the prevention of CBRNE as well as how to improve responses from terrorist involved in CBRNE activities (Bullock et al., 2012).

Until the National Strategy for CBRNE Standards in 2011, there were several national strategic documents that addressed CBRN terrorism. These documents did not often distinguish between how DoD addressed nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons used in a conflict from those CBRNE that terrorists used against noncombatants (Mauroni, 2010). Also, the lack of guidance in these strategic documents failed to determine agency roles and areas of responsibility and budgetary limits.

The National Strategy for CBRNE Standards lays out several goals that will require HSINT synchronization among federal, state and local agencies:

“Establish an inter-agency group for CBRNE standards to promote the coordination of these standards among Federal, State, local, and tribal communities.” (NSTC, 2011, 2).

“Coordinate and facilitate the development of CBRNE equipment performance standards and promote the use of standards for Federal, State, local, and tribal communities.” (NSTC, 2011, 2).

“Promote enduring CBRNE standard operating procedures for Federal, State, local, and tribal use to improve National preparedness and response.” (NSTC, 2011, 3).

Agro-Terrorism

An agro-terrorist attack in the U.S. homeland would have a great impact to industries and services such as; transportation, distributors, suppliers, and restaurants thus causing serious economic repercussions (RAND, 2003). The outcome of this type of attack can quickly spread to other economical sectors with the most effect on the consumers. However, the greatest impact of an agro-terrorist attack besides the economic considerations, is the public support, confidence and opinion towards the government. The results of a successful bio-assault against the agricultural sector may require mass animal slaughtering to contain disease outbreak causing high concerns and criticism from the American public opinion (RAND, 2003). Not only will this type of attack hinder the economy and the public opinion, but it may also cause public health concerns that will require coordination and collaboration among federal, state and local agencies.

HSINT may help prevent an agro-terrorist attack by establishing a resource analysis to determine the requirements for a federal management infrastructure. Identify professionals within the state and local levels who are skillful with animal diseases. Establish coordination efforts between the U.S. agricultural, intelligence and law enforcement communities. Establish inter-agency plans and roles for emergency responses (RAND, 2003).

References:

Bullock, J. A., Coppola, D. P., & Haddow, G. D. (2012). Homeland security: The essentials. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com.

Mauroni, Al. (2010). “Homeland Insecurity: Thinking About CBRN Terrorism.” Homeland Security Affairs 6, Article 3. Retrieved from https://www.hsaj.org/articles/78.

National Science and Technology Council. (2011). National Strategy for CBRNE Standards: National Science and Technology Council Committee on Homeland and National Security. Retrieved from https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=685501.

RAND Corporation. (2003). Agroterrorism: What Is the Threat and What Can Be Done About It? National Defense Research Institute. Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB7565/index1.html.

Randol. Mark. (2009). Homeland Security Intelligence: Perceptions, Statutory Definitions, and Approaches. Retrieved from https://fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL33616.pdf.

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